从零开始详细介绍SSM框架的搭建过程

2021-08-13 14:30:41 浏览数 (3970)

SSM框架是当前开发Web项目相当火热的技术，整合了Spring，SpringMVC和Mybatis三个框架。下面将详细介绍了从零开始搭建SSM框架的一个过程，分享给大家，有助于更好的搭建ssm，具体如下：

第一章：搭建整合环境

1. 搭建整合环境

整合说明：SSM整合可以使用多种方式，咱们会选择XML + 注解的方式
整合的思路
2.1. 先搭建整合的环境
2.2. 先把Spring的配置搭建完成
2.3. 再使用Spring整合SpringMVC框架
2.4. 最后使用Spring整合MyBatis框架
创建数据库和表结构
3.1创建数据库

create database ssm;
create table account(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
money double
);

4.创建maven工程

<properties>
  <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
  <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
  <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
  <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
  <!--spring-->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
    <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.8</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency><dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
  <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>${mysql.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.5</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>jstl</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
  </dependency>
  <!--log start-->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>${log4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
    <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
    <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>
 <!-- log end-->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.0</version>
  </dependency>
  <!--连接池-->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.10</version></dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
  <finalName>ssm</finalName>
  <pluginManagement>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
          <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
          <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </pluginManagement>
</build>

编写实体类，在ssm_domain项目中编写

package com.qcby.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Account implements Serializable {
    // 主键
    private int id;
    // 账户名称
    private String name;
    // 账号的金额
    private Double money;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Double getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(Double money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + ''' +
                ", money=" + money +
                '}';
    }
}

编写service接口和实现类

package com.qcby.service;

import com.qcby.entity.Account;
import java.util.List;

public interface AccountService {

    //查询所有
    public List<Account> findAll();
}

package com.qcby.service;

import com.qcby.entity.Account;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    //查询所有
    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        System.out.println("业务层：查询所有");
        return null;
    }
}

第二章：Spring框架代码的编写

1. 搭建和测试Spring的开发环境

在ssm_web项目中创建spring.xml的配置文件，编写具体的配置信息。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <!--开启注解扫描，要扫描的是service-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qcby.service"/>
</beans>

在ssm_web项目中编写测试方法，进行测试

package com.qcby.demo;

import com.qcby.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestSpring {
    @Test
    public void run(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
        AccountService service = ac.getBean(AccountService.class);
        service.findAll();
    }
}

第三章：Spring整合SpringMVC框架

1. 搭建和测试SpringMVC的开发环境

在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet前端控制器

<!--配置前端控制器-->
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  <!--加载springmvc.xml配置文件-->
  <init-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
  </init-param>
 <!-- 启动加载-->
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet过滤器解决中文乱码

<!--解决post请求中文乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
  <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  <init-param>
    <param-name>encoding</param-name>
    <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

创建springmvc.xml的配置文件，编写配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--扫描controller的注解，别的不扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qcby.controller"/>
   <!-- 配置视图解析器-->
    <bean id="ViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--JSP文件所在的目录-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
        <!--文件的后缀名-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    <!--设置静态资源不过滤-->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/source/css/**" location="/source/css/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/source/js/**" location="/source/js/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/source/images/**" location="/source/images/"/>

    <!--开启springmvc-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

测试SpringMVC的框架搭建是否成功

4.1. 编写index.jsp和list.jsp编写，超链接

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/account/findAll" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >查询所有</a>
</body>
</html>

4.2. 创建AccountController类，编写方法，进行测试

package com.qcby.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {
    /**
     * 查询所有
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public ModelAndView findAll(){
        System.out.println("表现层：查询所有");
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.setViewName("suc");
        return mv;
    }
}

2. Spring整合SpringMVC的框架

目的：在controller中能成功的调用service对象中的方法。

在项目启动的时候，就去加载spring.xml的配置文件，在web.xml中配置
ContextLoaderListener监听器（该监听器只能加载WEB-INF目录下的applicationContext.xml的配置文
件，所以要配置全局的变量加载类路径下的配置文件）。

<!--配置Spring的监听器-->
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--配置加载类路径的配置文件-->
<context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

在controller中注入service对象，调用service对象的方法进行测试

package com.qcby.controller;

import com.qcby.entity.Account;
import com.qcby.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {
    //依赖注入
    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;
    /**
     * 查询所有
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public ModelAndView findAll(){
        System.out.println("表现层：查询所有");
        //调用service的方法
        List<Account> list = accountService.findAll();
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.setViewName("suc");
        return mv;
    }
}

第四章：Spring整合MyBatis框架

1. 搭建和测试MyBatis的环境

在web项目中编写SqlMapConfig.xml的配置文件，编写核心配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"></properties>
    <!--定义别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <!--把com.qcby.entity.User使用user别名来显示，别名user User USER都可以，默认是忽略大写的-->
        <!--<typeAlias type="com.qcby.entity.User" alias="user"/>-->

        <!--针对com.qcby.entity包下的所有的类，都可以使用当前的类名做为别名-->
        <package name="com.qcby.entity"/>
    </typeAliases>

    <environments default="mysql">
        <environment id="mysql">
            <!--配置事务的类型，使用本地事务策略-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <!--是否使用连接池 POOLED表示使用链接池，UNPOOLED表示不使用连接池-->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="mapper/AccountDao.xml"></mapper>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

AccountDao接口

package com.qcby.dao;

import com.qcby.entity.Account;

import java.util.List;

public interface AccountDao {
    //查询所有
    public List<Account> findAll();
}

编写AccountDao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.qcby.dao.AccountDao">
    <select id="findAll" resultType="account">
        select * from account
    </select>
</mapper>

编写测试的方法

package com.qcby.demo;

import com.qcby.dao.AccountDao;
import com.qcby.entity.Account;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

public class TestMybatis {
    @Test
    public void run() throws IOException {
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis.xml");
        SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
        SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
        AccountDao mapper = session.getMapper(AccountDao.class);
        List<Account> list = mapper.findAll();
        for (Account account : list) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
        //关闭资源
        session.close();
        in.close();
    }
}

2. Spring整合MyBatis框架

目的：把SqlMapConfig.xml配置文件中的内容配置到applicationContext.xml配置文件中
在service中注入dao对象，进行测试

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
   <!-- 加载数据库配置属性文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    <!--开启注解扫描，要扫描的是service-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qcby.service"/>
    <!--配置数据库连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>
    <!--Spring整合MyBatis框架，SqlSessionFactoryBean创建工厂对象-->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!-- 扫描entity包 使用别名 -->
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.qcby.entity" />
        <!-- 扫描sql配置文件:mapper需要的xml文件 -->
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
    </bean>
    <!--配置扫描Dao接口包，动态实现Dao接口，注入到ioc容器中-->
    <bean id="mapperScannerConfigurer" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.qcby.dao"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

service代码如下

package com.qcby.service;

import com.qcby.dao.AccountDao;
import com.qcby.entity.Account;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    @Autowired
    private AccountDao accountDao;
    //查询所有
    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        System.out.println("业务层：查询所有");
        List<Account> list = accountDao.findAll();
        return list;
    }
}

controller代码如下

package com.qcby.controller;

import com.qcby.entity.Account;
import com.qcby.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {
    //依赖注入
    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;
    /**
     * 查询所有
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public ModelAndView findAll(){
        System.out.println("表现层：查询所有");
        //调用service的方法
        List<Account> list = accountService.findAll();
        for (Account account : list) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.setViewName("suc");
        return mv;
    }
}

spring.xml配置声明式事务管理

<!-- 配置声明式事务管理-->
 <!--平台事务管理器-->
 <bean id="dataSourceTransactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
     <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
 </bean>
 <!--配置事务的通知-->
 <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="dataSourceTransactionManager">
     <tx:attributes>
         <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
         <tx:method name="*" />
     </tx:attributes>
 </tx:advice>
 <!--配置事务的增强-->
 <aop:config>
     <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(public * com.qcby.service.*ServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
 </aop:config>

表单代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/account/findAll" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >查询所有</a>
    <form action="/account/save" method="post">
        姓名：<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
        金额：<input type="text" name="money" /><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="保存" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

controller代码

package com.qcby.controller;

import com.qcby.entity.Account;
import com.qcby.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {
    //依赖注入
    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;
    /**
     * 查询所有
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public ModelAndView findAll(){
        System.out.println("表现层：查询所有");
        //调用service的方法
        List<Account> list = accountService.findAll();
        for (Account account : list) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.setViewName("suc");
        return mv;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/save")
    public String save(Account account){
        //Service的保存方法
        accountService.save(account);
        return "suc";
    }
}

service接口和实现类代码

package com.qcby.service;

import com.qcby.entity.Account;
import java.util.List;

public interface AccountService {

    //查询所有
    public List<Account> findAll();
    
    //保存
    void save(Account account);
}

package com.qcby.service;

import com.qcby.dao.AccountDao;
import com.qcby.entity.Account;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    @Autowired
    private AccountDao accountDao;
    //查询所有
    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        System.out.println("业务层：查询所有");
        List<Account> list = accountDao.findAll();
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public void save(Account account) {
        accountDao.save(account);
    }
}

dao代码

package com.qcby.dao;

import com.qcby.entity.Account;

import java.util.List;

public interface AccountDao {
    //查询所有
    public List<Account> findAll();
    //保存
    void save(Account account);
}

dao.xml代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.qcby.dao.AccountDao">
    <select id="findAll" resultType="account">
        select * from account
    </select>
    <insert id="save" parameterType="account">
        insert into account (name,money) values(#{name},#{money})
    </insert>
</mapper>

那么，关于SSM框架从零开始搭建的一个详细过程介绍的文章就到此结束了，如果您对SSM框架的知识想要了解更多的内容，请多多关注W3Cschool相关内容的文章，也希望大家可以多多支持！

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从零开始 详细介绍SSM框架的搭建过程