JDBC WHERE 子句实例
WHERE 子句实例
本章介绍了如何使用 JDBC 应用程序在表中查询记录的示例。在表中查询记录时,将通过 WHERE 子句来增加附加条件。执行下面的示例之前,请确保你已做好以下工作-
- 在运行下面的例子之前,你需要用你实际的用户名和密码去代替 username 和 password。
- 你的 MySQL 或者其他数据库已经启动了并在运行中。
所需的步骤
用 JDBC 应用程序去创建一个新的数据库需要执行以下步骤-
导入包:要求你包括含有需要进行数据库编程的 JDBC 类的包。大多数情况下,使用 import java.sql. 就足够了。
- 注册 JDBC 驱动程序:要求你初始化驱动程序,这样你可以与数据库打开通信通道。
- 打开连接:需要使用 DriverManager.getConnection() 方法创建一个 Connection 对象,它代表与数据库服务器的物理连接。
- 执行查询:需要使用类型声明的对象建立并提交一个 SQL 语句,并依据提供的条件从表中提取记录。这个查询语句用 WHERE 子句来查询记录。
- 清理环境:依靠 JVM 垃圾收集器可以明确地回收所有的数据库资源。
示例代码
将下面的示例拷贝并粘帖到 JDBCExample.java 中,编译并运行它,如下所示-
//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;
public class JDBCExample {
// JDBC driver name and database URL
static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS";
// Database credentials
static final String USER = "username";
static final String PASS = "password";
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try{
//STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//STEP 3: Open a connection
System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");
//STEP 4: Execute a query
System.out.println("Creating statement...");
stmt = conn.createStatement();
// Extract records without any condition.
System.out.println("Fetching records without condition...");
String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
while(rs.next()){
//Retrieve by column name
int id = rs.getInt("id");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String first = rs.getString("first");
String last = rs.getString("last");
//Display values
System.out.print("ID: " + id);
System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
System.out.print(", First: " + first);
System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
}
// Select all records having ID equal or greater than 101
System.out.println("Fetching records with condition...");
sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration" +
" WHERE id >= 101 ";
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
while(rs.next()){
//Retrieve by column name
int id = rs.getInt("id");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String first = rs.getString("first");
String last = rs.getString("last");
//Display values
System.out.print("ID: " + id);
System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
System.out.print(", First: " + first);
System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
}
rs.close();
}catch(SQLException se){
//Handle errors for JDBC
se.printStackTrace();
}catch(Exception e){
//Handle errors for Class.forName
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
//finally block used to close resources
try{
if(stmt!=null)
conn.close();
}catch(SQLException se){
}// do nothing
try{
if(conn!=null)
conn.close();
}catch(SQLException se){
se.printStackTrace();
}//end finally try
}//end try
System.out.println("Goodbye!");
}//end main
}//end JDBCExample
现在,让我们用下面的命令编译上面的代码-
C:\>javac JDBCExample.java
C:\>
当你运行 JDBCExample 时,它将展示下面的结果-
C:\>java JDBCExample
Connecting to a selected database...
Connected database successfully...
Creating statement...
Fetching records without condition...
ID: 100, Age: 30, First: Zara, Last: Ali
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
Fetching records with condition...
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
Goodbye!
C:\>