jQuery UI 实例 – 拖动（Draggable）

jQuery UI 实例 - 拖动（Draggable）

本节介绍了jQuery UI的拖动（Draggable）实例，它允许使用鼠标移动元素。

如需了解更多有关draggable交互的细节，请查看API文档可拖拽小部件（Draggable Widget）。

默认功能

在任意的DOM元素上启用draggable功能。通过鼠标点击并在视区中拖动来移动draggable对象。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - 默认功能</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  #draggable { width: 150px; height: 150px; padding: 0.5em; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable();
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>请拖动我！</p>
</div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

自动滚动

当draggable移动到视区外时自动滚动文档。设置scroll选项为true来启用自动滚动，当滚动触发时进行微调，滚动速度是通过scrollSensitivity和 scrollSpeed选项设置的。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - 自动滚动</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  #draggable, #draggable2, #draggable3 { width: 100px; height: 100px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({ scroll: true });
    $( "#draggable2" ).draggable({ scroll: true, scrollSensitivity: 100 });
    $( "#draggable3" ).draggable({ scroll: true, scrollSpeed: 100 });
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>Scroll 设置为 true，默认设置</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable2" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>scrollSensitivity 设置为 100</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable3" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>scrollSpeed 设置为 100</p>
</div>
 
<div style="height: 5000px; width: 1px;"></div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

约束运动

拖动的范围可以自行定义，方法是通过定义draggable区域的边界来约束每个draggable的运动。设置axis选项来限制draggable的路径为x轴或者y轴，或者使用 containment选项来指定一个父级的DOM元素或者一个jQuery选择器，比如'document.'。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - 约束运动</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  .draggable { width: 90px; height: 90px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; }
  #draggable, #draggable2 { margin-bottom:20px; }
  #draggable { cursor: n-resize; }
  #draggable2 { cursor: e-resize; }
  #containment-wrapper { width: 95%; height:150px; border:2px solid #ccc; padding: 10px; }
  h3 { clear: left; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({ axis: "y" });
    $( "#draggable2" ).draggable({ axis: "x" });
 
    $( "#draggable3" ).draggable({ containment: "#containment-wrapper", scroll: false });
    $( "#draggable5" ).draggable({ containment: "parent" });
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<h3>沿着轴约束运动：</h3>
 
<div id="draggable" class="draggable ui-widget-content">
  <p>只能垂直拖拽</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable2" class="draggable ui-widget-content">
  <p>只能水平拖拽</p>
</div>
 
<h3>或者在另一个 DOM 元素中约束运动：</h3>
<div id="containment-wrapper">
  <div id="draggable3" class="draggable ui-widget-content">
    <p>我被约束在盒子里</p>
  </div>
 
  <div class="draggable ui-widget-content">
    <p id="draggable5" class="ui-widget-header">我被约束在父元素内</p>
  </div>
</div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

光标样式

当拖拽对象时定位光标。默认情况下，光标是出现在被拖拽对象的中间。使用cursorAt选项来指定相对于 draggable 的另一个位置（指定一个相对于top、right、bottom、left的像素值）。通过提供一个带有有效的CSS光标值的cursor选项，来自定义光标的外观。有效的CSS光标值包括：default、move、pointer、crosshair，等等。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - 光标样式</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  #draggable, #draggable2, #draggable3 { width: 100px; height: 100px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({ cursor: "move", cursorAt: { top: 56, left: 56 } });
    $( "#draggable2" ).draggable({ cursor: "crosshair", cursorAt: { top: -5, left: -5 } });
    $( "#draggable3" ).draggable({ cursorAt: { bottom: 0 } });
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>我总是在中间（相对于鼠标）</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable2" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>我的光标是在 left -5 和 top -5</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable3" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>我的光标位置只控制了 'bottom' 值</p>
</div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

延迟开始

通过delay选项设置延迟开始拖拽的毫秒数。通过distance选项设置光标被按下且拖拽指定像素后才允许拖拽。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - 延迟开始</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  #draggable, #draggable2 { width: 120px; height: 120px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({ distance: 20 });
    $( "#draggable2" ).draggable({ delay: 1000 });
    $( ".ui-draggable" ).disableSelection();
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>只有把我拖拽了 20 像素后，拖拽才开始</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable2" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>不管 distance 是多少，您都必须拖拽并等待 1000ms 后拖拽才开始</p>
</div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

事件

draggable上的start、drag和stop事件。拖拽开始时触发start事件，拖拽期间触发drag事件，拖拽停止时触发stop事件。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - 事件</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  #draggable { width: 16em; padding: 0 1em; }
  #draggable ul li { margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em 0; } * html #draggable ul li { height: 1%; }
  #draggable ul li span.ui-icon { float: left; }
  #draggable ul li span.count { font-weight: bold; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    var $start_counter = $( "#event-start" ),
      $drag_counter = $( "#event-drag" ),
      $stop_counter = $( "#event-stop" ),
      counts = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
 
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({
      start: function() {
        counts[ 0 ]++;
        updateCounterStatus( $start_counter, counts[ 0 ] );
      },
      drag: function() {
        counts[ 1 ]++;
        updateCounterStatus( $drag_counter, counts[ 1 ] );
      },
      stop: function() {
        counts[ 2 ]++;
        updateCounterStatus( $stop_counter, counts[ 2 ] );
      }
    });
 
    function updateCounterStatus( $event_counter, new_count ) {
      // 首先更新视觉状态...
      if ( !$event_counter.hasClass( "ui-state-hover" ) ) {
        $event_counter.addClass( "ui-state-hover" )
          .siblings().removeClass( "ui-state-hover" );
      }
      // ...然后更新数字
      $( "span.count", $event_counter ).text( new_count );
    }
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<div id="draggable" class="ui-widget ui-widget-content">
 
  <p>请拖拽我，触发一连串的事件。</p>
 
  <ul class="ui-helper-reset">
    <li id="event-start" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-all"><span class="ui-icon ui-icon-play"></span>"start" 被调用 <span class="count">0</span>x</li>
    <li id="event-drag" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-all"><span class="ui-icon ui-icon-arrow-4"></span>"drag" 被调用 <span class="count">0</span>x</li>
    <li id="event-stop" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-all"><span class="ui-icon ui-icon-stop"></span>"stop" 被调用 <span class="count">0</span>x</li>
  </ul>
</div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

Handles

只有当光标在draggable上指定部分时才允许拖拽。使用handle选项来指定用于拖拽对象的元素（或元素组）的jQuery选择器。

或者当光标在draggable内指定元素（或元素组）上时不允许拖拽。使用 handle 选项来指定取消拖拽功能的jQuery选择器。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - Handles</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  #draggable, #draggable2 { width: 100px; height: 100px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; }
  #draggable p { cursor: move; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({ handle: "p" });
    $( "#draggable2" ).draggable({ cancel: "p.ui-widget-header" });
    $( "div, p" ).disableSelection();
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p class="ui-widget-header">您只可以在这个范围内拖拽我</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable2" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>您可以把我向四周拖拽&hellip;</p>
  <p class="ui-widget-header">&hellip;但是您不可以在这个范围内拖拽我</p>
</div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

还原位置

当带有布尔值revert选项的draggable停止拖拽时，返回draggable（或它的助手）到原始位置。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - 还原位置</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  #draggable, #draggable2 { width: 100px; height: 100px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({ revert: true });
    $( "#draggable2" ).draggable({ revert: true, helper: "clone" });
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>还原</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable2" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>还原助手</p>
</div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

对齐到元素或网格

对齐draggable到DOM元素的内部或外部边界。使用snap、snapMode（inner, outer, both）和snapTolerance（当调用对齐时，draggable与元素之间的距离，以像素为单位）选项。

或者对齐draggable到网格。通过grid选项设置网格单元的尺寸（以像素为单位的高度或宽度）。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - 对齐到元素或网格</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  .draggable { width: 90px; height: 80px; padding: 5px; float: left; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; font-size: .9em; }
  .ui-widget-header p, .ui-widget-content p { margin: 0; }
  #snaptarget { height: 140px; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({ snap: true });
    $( "#draggable2" ).draggable({ snap: ".ui-widget-header" });
    $( "#draggable3" ).draggable({ snap: ".ui-widget-header", snapMode: "outer" });
    $( "#draggable4" ).draggable({ grid: [ 20, 20 ] });
    $( "#draggable5" ).draggable({ grid: [ 80, 80 ] });
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<div id="snaptarget" class="ui-widget-header">
  <p>我是对齐目标</p>
</div>
 
<br style="clear:both">
 
<div id="draggable" class="draggable ui-widget-content">
  <p>默认（snap: true），对齐到所有其他的 draggable 元素</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable2" class="draggable ui-widget-content">
  <p>我只对齐到大盒子</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable3" class="draggable ui-widget-content">
  <p>我只对齐到大盒子的外边缘</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable4" class="draggable ui-widget-content">
  <p>我对齐到一个 20 x 20 网格</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable5" class="draggable ui-widget-content">
  <p>我对齐到一个 80 x 80 网格</p>
</div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

视觉反馈

给用户提供反馈，就像以助手方式拖拽对象一样。helper选项接受值'original'（用光标移动draggable对象），'clone'（用光标移动draggable的副本），或者一个返回DOM元素的函数（该元素在拖拽期间显示在光标附近）。通过opacity选项控制助手的透明度。

为了区别哪一个draggable正在被拖拽，让在运动中的draggable保持最前。如果正在拖拽，使用zIndex选项来设置助手的高度z-index，或者使用stack选项来确保当停止拖拽时，最后一个被拖拽的项目总是出现在同组其他项目的上面。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） - 视觉反馈</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  #draggable, #draggable2, #draggable3, #set div { width: 90px; height: 90px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; }
  #draggable, #draggable2, #draggable3 { margin-bottom:20px; }
  #set { clear:both; float:left; width: 368px; height: 120px; }
  p { clear:both; margin:0; padding:1em 0; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({ helper: "original" });
    $( "#draggable2" ).draggable({ opacity: 0.7, helper: "clone" });
    $( "#draggable3" ).draggable({
      cursor: "move",
      cursorAt: { top: -12, left: -20 },
      helper: function( event ) {
        return $( "<div class='ui-widget-header'>I'm a custom helper</div>" );
      }
    });
    $( "#set div" ).draggable({ stack: "#set div" });
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<h3 class="docs">助手：</h3>
 
<div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>原始的</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable2" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>半透明的克隆</p>
</div>
 
<div id="draggable3" class="ui-widget-content">
  <p>自定义助手（与 cursorAt 结合）</p>
</div>
 
<h3 class="docs">堆叠：</h3>
<div id="set">
  <div class="ui-widget-content">
    <p>我们是 draggables..</p>
  </div>
 
  <div class="ui-widget-content">
    <p>..它的 z-index 是自动控制的..</p>
  </div>
 
  <div class="ui-widget-content">
    <p>..带有 stack 选项。</p>
  </div>
</div>
 
 
</body>
</html>

jQuery UI Draggable + Sortable

Draggable与Sortable的无缝交互。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery UI 拖动（Draggable） + 排序（Sortable）</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
  <style>
  ul { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  li { margin: 5px; padding: 5px; width: 150px; }
  </style>
  <script>
  $(function() {
    $( "#sortable" ).sortable({
      revert: true
    });
    $( "#draggable" ).draggable({
      connectToSortable: "#sortable",
      helper: "clone",
      revert: "invalid"
    });
    $( "ul, li" ).disableSelection();
  });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
 
<ul>
  <li id="draggable" class="ui-state-highlight">请拖拽我</li>
</ul>
 
<ul id="sortable">
  <li class="ui-state-default">Item 1</li>
  <li class="ui-state-default">Item 2</li>
  <li class="ui-state-default">Item 3</li>
  <li class="ui-state-default">Item 4</li>
  <li class="ui-state-default">Item 5</li>
</ul>
 
 
</body>
</html>

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jQuery UI 实例 – 拖动（Draggable）