styled-components 如何在组件中工作?

如果你熟悉在组件中导入 CSS(例如 CSSModules),那么下面的写法你一定不陌生:

import React from 'react'
import styles from './styles.css'

export default class Counter extends React.Component {
  state = { count: 0 }

  increment = () => this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 })
  decrement = () => this.setState({ count: this.state.count - 1 })

  render() {
    return (
      <div className={styles.counter}>
        <p className={styles.paragraph}>{this.state.count}</p>
        <button className={styles.button} onClick={this.increment}>
          +
        </button>
        <button className={styles.button} onClick={this.decrement}>
          -
        </button>
      </div>
    )
  }
}

由于 Styled Component 是 HTML 元素和作用在元素上的样式规则的组合, 我们可以这样编写Counter:

import React from 'react'
import styled from 'styled-components'

const StyledCounter = styled.div`
  /* ... */
`
const Paragraph = styled.p`
  /* ... */
`
const Button = styled.button`
  /* ... */
`

export default class Counter extends React.Component {
  state = { count: 0 }

  increment = () => this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 })
  decrement = () => this.setState({ count: this.state.count - 1 })

  render() {
    return (
      <StyledCounter>
        <Paragraph>{this.state.count}</Paragraph>
        <Button onClick={this.increment}>+</Button>
        <Button onClick={this.decrement}>-</Button>
      </StyledCounter>
    )
  }
}

注意,我们在StyledCounter添加了"Styled"前缀,这样组件Counter 和StyledCounter 不会明明冲突,而且可以在 React Developer Tools 和 Web Inspector 中轻松识别.

在 render 方法之外定义 Styled Components

在 render 方法之外定义 styled component 很重要, 不然 styled component 会在每个渲染过程中重新创建. 这将阻止缓存生效并且大大降低了渲染速度,所以尽量避免这种情况.

推荐通过以下方式创建 styled components :

const StyledWrapper = styled.div`
  /* ... */
`

const Wrapper = ({ message }) => {
  return <StyledWrapper>{message}</StyledWrapper>
}

而不是:

const Wrapper = ({ message }) => {
  // WARNING: 别这么干,会很慢!!!
  const StyledWrapper = styled.div`
    /* ... */
  `

  return <StyledWrapper>{message}</StyledWrapper>
}

推荐阅读:Talia Marcassa 写了一篇很精彩的有关styled-components实际应用的文章,包含许多实用的见解以及与其它方案的比较Styled Components: To Use or Not to Use?

伪元素,伪类选择器和嵌套

styled-component 所使用的预处理器stylis支持自动嵌套的 scss-like 语法,示例如下:

const Thing = styled.div`
  color: blue;
`

伪元素和伪类无需进一步细化,而是自动附加到了组件:

const Thing = styled.button`
  color: blue;

  ::before {
    content: '????';
  }

  :hover {
    color: red;
  }
`

render(
  <Thing>Hello world!</Thing>
)

对于更复杂的选择器,可以使用与号(&)来指向主组件.以下是一些示例:

const Thing = styled.div.attrs({ tabIndex: 0 })`
  color: blue;

  &:hover {
    color: red; // <Thing> when hovered
  }

  & ~ & {
    background: tomato; // <Thing> as a sibling of <Thing>, but maybe not directly next to it
  }

  & + & {
    background: lime; // <Thing> next to <Thing>
  }

  &.something {
    background: orange; // <Thing> tagged with an additional CSS class ".something"
  }

  .something-else & {
    border: 1px solid; // <Thing> inside another element labeled ".something-else"
  }
`

render(
  <React.Fragment>
    <Thing>Hello world!</Thing>
    <Thing>How ya doing?</Thing>
    <Thing className="something">The sun is shining...</Thing>
    <div>Pretty nice day today.</div>
    <Thing>Don't you think?</Thing>
    <div className="something-else">
      <Thing>Splendid.</Thing>
    </div>
  </React.Fragment>
)

如果只写选择器而不带&,则指向组件的子节点.

const Thing = styled.div`
  color: blue;

  .something {
    border: 1px solid; // an element labeled ".something" inside <Thing>
    display: block;
  }
`

render(
  <Thing>
    <label htmlFor="foo-button" className="something">Mystery button</label>
    <button id="foo-button">What do I do?</button>
  </Thing>
)

最后,&可以用于增加组件的差异性;在处理混用 styled-components 和纯 CSS 导致的样式冲突时这将会非常有用:

const Thing = styled.div`
  && {
    color: blue;
  }
`

const GlobalStyle = createGlobalStyle`
  div${Thing} {
    color: red;
  }
`

render(
  <React.Fragment>
    <GlobalStyle />
    <Thing>
      I'm blue, da ba dee da ba daa
    </Thing>
  </React.Fragment>
)