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HTML 字符集

为了正确显示 HTML 页面,Web 浏览器必须知道要使用哪个字符集。

从 ASCII 到 UTF-8

ASCII 是第一个字符编码标准。ASCII 定义了 128 种可以在互联网上使用的字符:数字(0-9)、英文字母(A-Z)和一些特殊字符,比如:! $ + - ( ) @ < >。

ISO-8859-1 是 HTML 4 的默认字符集。此字符集支持 256 个不同的字符代码。HTML 4 同时支持 UTF-8。

ANSI(Windows-1252)是原始的 Windows 字符集。 ANSI 与 ISO-8859-1 相同,不同之处在于 ANSI 具有 32 个额外的字符。

HTML5 规范鼓励 Web 开发人员使用 UTF-8 字符集,该字符集涵盖了世界上几乎所有的字符和符号!

HTML charset 属性

为了正确显示 HTML 页面,Web 浏览器必须了解页面中使用的字符集。

这在 ​<meta>​ 标签中指定:

<meta charset="UTF-8">

字符集之间的差异

下表展示了上述字符集之间的区别:

Numb ASCII ANSI 8859 UTF-8 Description
32 space
33 ! ! ! ! exclamation mark
34 " " " " quotation mark
35 # # # # number sign
36 $ $ $ $ dollar sign
37 % % % % percent sign
38 & & & & ampersand
39 ' ' ' ' apostrophe
40 ( ( ( ( left parenthesis
41 ) ) ) ) right parenthesis
42 * * * * asterisk
43 + + + + plus sign
44 , , , , comma
45 - - - - hyphen-minus
46 . . . . full stop
47 / / / / solidus
48 0 0 0 0 digit zero
49 1 1 1 1 digit one
50 2 2 2 2 digit two
51 3 3 3 3 digit three
52 4 4 4 4 digit four
53 5 5 5 5 digit five
54 6 6 6 6 digit six
55 7 7 7 7 digit seven
56 8 8 8 8 digit eight
57 9 9 9 9 digit nine
58 : : : : colon
59 ; ; ; ; semicolon
60 < < < < less-than sign
61 = = = = equals sign
62 > > > > greater-than sign
63 ? ? ? ? question mark
64 @ @ @ @ commercial at
65 A A A A Latin capital letter A
66 B B B B Latin capital letter B
67 C C C C Latin capital letter C
68 D D D D Latin capital letter D
69 E E E E Latin capital letter E
70 F F F F Latin capital letter F
71 G G G G Latin capital letter G
72 H H H H Latin capital letter H
73 I I I I Latin capital letter I
74 J J J J Latin capital letter J
75 K K K K Latin capital letter K
76 L L L L Latin capital letter L
77 M M M M Latin capital letter M
78 N N N N Latin capital letter N
79 O O O O Latin capital letter O
80 P P P P Latin capital letter P
81 Q Q Q Q Latin capital letter Q
82 R R R R Latin capital letter R
83 S S S S Latin capital letter S
84 T T T T Latin capital letter T
85 U U U U Latin capital letter U
86 V V V V Latin capital letter V
87 W W W W Latin capital letter W
88 X X X X Latin capital letter X
89 Y Y Y Y Latin capital letter Y
90 Z Z Z Z Latin capital letter Z
91 [ [ [ [ left square bracket
92 \ \ \ \ reverse solidus
93 ] ] ] ] right square bracket
94 ^ ^ ^ ^ circumflex accent
95 _ _ _ _ low line
96 ` ` ` ` grave accent
97 a a a a Latin small letter a
98 b b b b Latin small letter b
99 c c c c Latin small letter c
100 d d d d Latin small letter d
101 e e e e Latin small letter e
102 f f f f Latin small letter f
103 g g g g Latin small letter g
104 h h h h Latin small letter h
105 i i i i Latin small letter i
106 j j j j Latin small letter j
107 k k k k Latin small letter k
108 l l l l Latin small letter l
109 m m m m Latin small letter m
110 n n n n Latin small letter n
111 o o o o Latin small letter o
112 p p p p Latin small letter p
113 q q q q Latin small letter q
114 r r r r Latin small letter r
115 s s s s Latin small letter s
116 t t t t Latin small letter t
117 u u u u Latin small letter u
118 v v v v Latin small letter v
119 w w w w Latin small letter w
120 x x x x Latin small letter x
121 y y y y Latin small letter y
122 z z z z Latin small letter z
123 { { { { left curly bracket
124 | | | | vertical line
125 } } } } right curly bracket
126 ~ ~ ~ ~ tilde
127 DEL        
128       euro sign
129      NOT USED
130       single low-9 quotation mark
131   ƒ     Latin small letter f with hook
132       double low-9 quotation mark
133       horizontal ellipsis
134       dagger
135       double dagger
136   ˆ     modifier letter circumflex accent
137       per mille sign
138   Š     Latin capital letter S with caron
139       single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140   Œ     Latin capital ligature OE
141      NOT USED
142   Ž     Latin capital letter Z with caron
143      NOT USED
144      NOT USED
145       left single quotation mark
146       right single quotation mark
147       left double quotation mark
148       right double quotation mark
149       bullet
150       en dash
151       em dash
152   ˜     small tilde
153       trade mark sign
154   š     Latin small letter s with caron
155       single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156   œ     Latin small ligature oe
157      NOT USED
158   ž     Latin small letter z with caron
159   Ÿ     Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160         no-break space
161   ¡ ¡ ¡ inverted exclamation mark
162   ¢ ¢ ¢ cent sign
163   £ £ £ pound sign
164   ¤ ¤ ¤ currency sign
165   ¥ ¥ ¥ yen sign
166   ¦ ¦ ¦ broken bar
167   § § § section sign
168   ¨ ¨ ¨ diaeresis
169   © © © copyright sign
170   ª ª ª feminine ordinal indicator
171   « « « left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172   ¬ ¬ ¬ not sign
173   ­ ­ ­ soft hyphen
174   ® ® ® registered sign
175   ¯ ¯ ¯ macron
176   ° ° ° degree sign
177   ± ± ± plus-minus sign
178   ² ² ² superscript two
179   ³ ³ ³ superscript three
180   ´ ´ ´ acute accent
181   µ µ µ micro sign
182   pilcrow sign
183   · · · middle dot
184   ¸ ¸ ¸ cedilla
185   ¹ ¹ ¹ superscript one
186   º º º masculine ordinal indicator
187   » » » right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188   ¼ ¼ ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter
189   ½ ½ ½ vulgar fraction one half
190   ¾ ¾ ¾ vulgar fraction three quarters
191   ¿ ¿ ¿ inverted question mark
192   À À À Latin capital letter A with grave
193   Á Á Á Latin capital letter A with acute
194   Â Â Â Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195   Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter A with tilde
196   Ä Ä Ä Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197   Å Å Å Latin capital letter A with ring above
198   Æ Æ Æ Latin capital letter AE
199   Ç Ç Ç Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200   È È È Latin capital letter E with grave
201   É É É Latin capital letter E with acute
202   Ê Ê Ê Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203   Ë Ë Ë Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204   Ì Ì Ì Latin capital letter I with grave
205   Í Í Í Latin capital letter I with acute
206   Î Î Î Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207   Ï Ï Ï Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208   Ð Ð Ð Latin capital letter Eth
209   Ñ Ñ Ñ Latin capital letter N with tilde
210   Ò Ò Ò Latin capital letter O with grave
211   Ó Ó Ó Latin capital letter O with acute
212   Ô Ô Ô Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213   Õ Õ Õ Latin capital letter O with tilde
214   Ö Ö Ö Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215   × × × multiplication sign
216   Ø Ø Ø Latin capital letter O with stroke
217   Ù Ù Ù Latin capital letter U with grave
218   Ú Ú Ú Latin capital letter U with acute
219   Û Û Û Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220   Ü Ü Ü Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221   Ý Ý Ý Latin capital letter Y with acute
222   Þ Þ Þ Latin capital letter Thorn
223   ß ß ß Latin small letter sharp s
224   à à à Latin small letter a with grave
225   á á á Latin small letter a with acute
226   â â â Latin small letter a with circumflex
227   ã ã ã Latin small letter a with tilde
228   ä ä ä Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229   å å å Latin small letter a with ring above
230   æ æ æ Latin small letter ae
231   ç ç ç Latin small letter c with cedilla
232   è è è Latin small letter e with grave
233   é é é Latin small letter e with acute
234   ê ê ê Latin small letter e with circumflex
235   ë ë ë Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236   ì ì ì Latin small letter i with grave
237   í í í Latin small letter i with acute
238   î î î Latin small letter i with circumflex
239   ï ï ï Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240   ð ð ð Latin small letter eth
241   ñ ñ ñ Latin small letter n with tilde
242   ò ò ò Latin small letter o with grave
243   ó ó ó Latin small letter o with acute
244   ô ô ô Latin small letter o with circumflex
245   õ õ õ Latin small letter o with tilde
246   ö ö ö Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247   ÷ ÷ ÷ division sign
248   ø ø ø Latin small letter o with stroke
249   ù ù ù Latin small letter u with grave
250   ú ú ú Latin small letter u with acute
251   û û û Latin small letter with circumflex
252   ü ü ü Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253   ý ý ý Latin small letter y with acute
254   þ þ þ Latin small letter thorn
255   ÿ ÿ ÿ Latin small letter y with diaeresis

ASCII 字符集

ASCII 使用 0 到 31(以及 127)之间的值作为控制字符。

ASCII 使用 32 到 126 的值表示字母、数字和符号。

ASCII 不使用 128 到 255 之间的值。

ANSI 字符集 (Windows-1252)

对于 0 到 127 的值,ANSI 与 ASCII 相同。

ANSI 有一组专有的字符,其值从 128 到 159。

对于 160 到 255 的值,ANSI 与 UTF-8 相同。

ISO-8859-1 字符集

对于 0 到 127 的值,8859-1 与 ASCII 相同。

8859-1 不使用 128 到 159 之间的值。

对于从 160 到 255 的值,8859-1 与 UTF-8 相同。

UTF-8 字符集

对于 0 到 127 的值,UTF-8 与 ASCII 相同。

UTF-8 不使用 12 8到 159 之间的值。

对于 160 到 255 之间的值,UTF-8 与 ANSI 和 8859-1 相同。

UTF-8 从值 256 继续,包含超过 10000 个不同字符。

如需深入研究,请阅读我们完整的 HTML 字符集参考手册。

@charset CSS 规则

您可以使用 CSS @charset 规则来指定样式表中使用的字符编码:

实例

将样式表的编码设置为 Unicode UTF-8:

@charset "UTF-8";
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MIP.setData({ 'pageTheme' : getCookie('pageTheme') || {'day':true, 'night':false}, 'pageFontSize' : getCookie('pageFontSize') || 20 }); MIP.watch('pageTheme', function(newValue){ setCookie('pageTheme', JSON.stringify(newValue)) }); MIP.watch('pageFontSize', function(newValue){ setCookie('pageFontSize', newValue) }); function setCookie(name, value){ var days = 1; var exp = new Date(); exp.setTime(exp.getTime() + days*24*60*60*1000); document.cookie = name + '=' + value + ';expires=' + exp.toUTCString(); } function getCookie(name){ var reg = new RegExp('(^| )' + name + '=([^;]*)(;|$)'); return document.cookie.match(reg) ? JSON.parse(document.cookie.match(reg)[2]) : null; }