PHP8 位运算符

位运算符允许对整型数中指定的位进行求值和操作。

**位运算符**
例子	名称	结果
`$a & $b`	And（按位与）	将把 `$a` 和 `$b` 中都为 1 的位设为 1。
`$a \| $b`	Or（按位或）	将把 `$a` 和 `$b` 中任何一个为 1 的位设为 1。
`$a ^ $b`	Xor（按位异或）	将把 `$a` 和 `$b` 中一个为 1 另一个为 0 的位设为 1。
`~ $a`	Not（按位取反）	将 `$a` 中为 0 的位设为 1，反之亦然。
`$a << $b`	Shift left（左移）	将 `$a` 中的位向左移动 `$b` 次（每一次移动都表示“乘以 2”）。
`$a >> $b`	Shift right（右移）	将 `$a` 中的位向右移动 `$b` 次（每一次移动都表示“除以 2”）。

位移在 PHP 中是数学运算。向任何方向移出去的位都被丢弃。左移时右侧以零填充，符号位被移走意味着正负号不被保留。右移时左侧以符号位填充，意味着正负号被保留。

要用括号确保想要的优先级。例如 $a & $b == true 先进行比较再进行按位与；而 ($a & $b) == true 则先进行按位与再进行比较。

如果 &、 | 和 ^ 运算符的左右两个操作对象都是字符串，将对会组成字符串的字符 ASCII 值执行操作，结果也是一个字符串。除此之外，两个操作对象都将转换为整数，结果也将会是整数。

如果 ~ 运算符的操作对象是字符串，则将对组成字符串的字符 ASCII 值进行操作，结果将会是字符串，否则操作对象和结构都会是整数。

<< 和 >> 运算符的操作对象和结果始终都是整数。

PHP 的 ini 设定 error_reporting 使用了按位的值，
提供了关闭某个位的真实例子。要显示除了提示级别
之外的所有错误，php.ini 中是这样用的：
E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE

具体运作方式是先取得 E_ALL 的值：
00000000000000000111011111111111
再取得 E_NOTICE 的值：
00000000000000000000000000001000
然后通过 ~ 将其取反：
11111111111111111111111111110111
最后再用按位与 AND（&）得到两个值中都设定了（为 1）的位：
00000000000000000111011111110111

另外一个方法是用按位异或 XOR（^）来取得只在
其中一个值中设定了的位：
E_ALL ^ E_NOTICE

error_reporting 也可用来演示怎样置位。只显示错误和可恢复
错误的方法是：
E_ERROR | E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR

也就是将 E_ERROR
00000000000000000000000000000001
和 E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR
00000000000000000001000000000000
用按位或 OR（|）运算符来取得在任何一个值中被置位的结果：
00000000000000000001000000000001

示例 #1 整数的 AND，OR 和 XOR 位运算符

<?php
/*
* 忽略顶部，
* 它只是为了使输出更加清晰而格式化。
*/

$format = '(%1$2d = %1$04b) = (%2$2d = %2$04b)'
. ' %3$s (%4$2d = %4$04b)' . "\n";

echo <<<EOH
--------- --------- -- ---------
result value op test
--------- --------- -- ---------
EOH;


/*
* 这是示例。
*/

$values = array(0, 1, 2, 4, 8);
$test = 1 + 4;

echo "\n Bitwise AND \n";
foreach ($values as $value) {
$result = $value & $test;
printf($format, $result, $value, '&', $test);
}

echo "\n Bitwise Inclusive OR \n";
foreach ($values as $value) {
$result = $value | $test;
printf($format, $result, $value, '|', $test);
}

echo "\n Bitwise Exclusive OR (XOR) \n";
foreach ($values as $value) {
$result = $value ^ $test;
printf($format, $result, $value, '^', $test);
}
?>

以上示例会输出：

 ---------     ---------  -- ---------
 result        value      op test
 ---------     ---------  -- ---------
 Bitwise AND
( 0 = 0000) = ( 0 = 0000) & ( 5 = 0101)
( 1 = 0001) = ( 1 = 0001) & ( 5 = 0101)
( 0 = 0000) = ( 2 = 0010) & ( 5 = 0101)
( 4 = 0100) = ( 4 = 0100) & ( 5 = 0101)
( 0 = 0000) = ( 8 = 1000) & ( 5 = 0101)

 Bitwise Inclusive OR
( 5 = 0101) = ( 0 = 0000) | ( 5 = 0101)
( 5 = 0101) = ( 1 = 0001) | ( 5 = 0101)
( 7 = 0111) = ( 2 = 0010) | ( 5 = 0101)
( 5 = 0101) = ( 4 = 0100) | ( 5 = 0101)
(13 = 1101) = ( 8 = 1000) | ( 5 = 0101)

 Bitwise Exclusive OR (XOR)
( 5 = 0101) = ( 0 = 0000) ^ ( 5 = 0101)
( 4 = 0100) = ( 1 = 0001) ^ ( 5 = 0101)
( 7 = 0111) = ( 2 = 0010) ^ ( 5 = 0101)
( 1 = 0001) = ( 4 = 0100) ^ ( 5 = 0101)
(13 = 1101) = ( 8 = 1000) ^ ( 5 = 0101)

示例 #2 字符串的 XOR 运算符

<?php
echo 12 ^ 9; // 输出 '5'

echo "12" ^ "9"; // 输出退格字符 (ascii 8)
// ('1' (ascii 49)) ^ ('9' (ascii 57)) = #8

echo "hallo" ^ "hello"; // 输出 ascii 值 #0 #4 #0 #0 #0
// 'a' ^ 'e' = #4

echo 2 ^ "3"; // 输出 1
// 2 ^ ((int)"3") == 1

echo "2" ^ 3; // 输出 1
// ((int)"2") ^ 3 == 1
?>

示例 #3 整数的位移

<?php
/*
* 这是示例。
*/

echo "\n--- BIT SHIFT RIGHT ON POSITIVE INTEGERS ---\n";

$val = 4;
$places = 1;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'copy of sign bit shifted into left side');

$val = 4;
$places = 2;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places);

$val = 4;
$places = 3;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'bits shift out right side');

$val = 4;
$places = 4;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'same result as above; can not shift beyond 0');


echo "\n--- BIT SHIFT RIGHT ON NEGATIVE INTEGERS ---\n";

$val = -4;
$places = 1;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'copy of sign bit shifted into left side');

$val = -4;
$places = 2;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'bits shift out right side');

$val = -4;
$places = 3;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'same result as above; can not shift beyond -1');


echo "\n--- BIT SHIFT LEFT ON POSITIVE INTEGERS ---\n";

$val = 4;
$places = 1;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'zeros fill in right side');

$val = 4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 4;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places);

$val = 4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 3;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'sign bits get shifted out');

$val = 4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 2;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'bits shift out left side');


echo "\n--- BIT SHIFT LEFT ON NEGATIVE INTEGERS ---\n";

$val = -4;
$places = 1;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'zeros fill in right side');

$val = -4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 3;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places);

$val = -4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 2;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'bits shift out left side, including sign bit');


/*
* 忽略顶部，
* 它只是为了使输出更加清晰而格式化。
*/

function p($res, $val, $op, $places, $note = '') {
$format = '%0' . (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) . "b\n";

printf("Expression: %d = %d %s %d\n", $res, $val, $op, $places);

echo " Decimal:\n";
printf(" val=%d\n", $val);
printf(" res=%d\n", $res);

echo " Binary:\n";
printf(' val=' . $format, $val);
printf(' res=' . $format, $res);

if ($note) {
echo " NOTE: $note\n";
}

echo "\n";
}
?>

以上示例在 32 位机器上的输出:

--- BIT SHIFT RIGHT ON POSITIVE INTEGERS ---
Expression: 2 = 4 >> 1
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=2
 Binary:
  val=00000000000000000000000000000100
  res=00000000000000000000000000000010
 NOTE: copy of sign bit shifted into left side

Expression: 1 = 4 >> 2
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=1
 Binary:
  val=00000000000000000000000000000100
  res=00000000000000000000000000000001

Expression: 0 = 4 >> 3
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=0
 Binary:
  val=00000000000000000000000000000100
  res=00000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: bits shift out right side

Expression: 0 = 4 >> 4
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=0
 Binary:
  val=00000000000000000000000000000100
  res=00000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: same result as above; can not shift beyond 0


--- BIT SHIFT RIGHT ON NEGATIVE INTEGERS ---
Expression: -2 = -4 >> 1
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-2
 Binary:
  val=11111111111111111111111111111100
  res=11111111111111111111111111111110
 NOTE: copy of sign bit shifted into left side

Expression: -1 = -4 >> 2
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-1
 Binary:
  val=11111111111111111111111111111100
  res=11111111111111111111111111111111
 NOTE: bits shift out right side

Expression: -1 = -4 >> 3
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-1
 Binary:
  val=11111111111111111111111111111100
  res=11111111111111111111111111111111
 NOTE: same result as above; can not shift beyond -1


--- BIT SHIFT LEFT ON POSITIVE INTEGERS ---
Expression: 8 = 4 << 1
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=8
 Binary:
  val=00000000000000000000000000000100
  res=00000000000000000000000000001000
 NOTE: zeros fill in right side

Expression: 1073741824 = 4 << 28
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=1073741824
 Binary:
  val=00000000000000000000000000000100
  res=01000000000000000000000000000000

Expression: -2147483648 = 4 << 29
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=-2147483648
 Binary:
  val=00000000000000000000000000000100
  res=10000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: sign bits get shifted out

Expression: 0 = 4 << 30
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=0
 Binary:
  val=00000000000000000000000000000100
  res=00000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: bits shift out left side


--- BIT SHIFT LEFT ON NEGATIVE INTEGERS ---
Expression: -8 = -4 << 1
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-8
 Binary:
  val=11111111111111111111111111111100
  res=11111111111111111111111111111000
 NOTE: zeros fill in right side

Expression: -2147483648 = -4 << 29
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-2147483648
 Binary:
  val=11111111111111111111111111111100
  res=10000000000000000000000000000000

Expression: 0 = -4 << 30
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=0
 Binary:
  val=11111111111111111111111111111100
  res=00000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: bits shift out left side, including sign bit

以上示例在 64 位机器上的输出:

--- BIT SHIFT RIGHT ON POSITIVE INTEGERS ---
Expression: 2 = 4 >> 1
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=2
 Binary:
  val=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100
  res=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010
 NOTE: copy of sign bit shifted into left side

Expression: 1 = 4 >> 2
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=1
 Binary:
  val=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100
  res=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001

Expression: 0 = 4 >> 3
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=0
 Binary:
  val=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100
  res=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: bits shift out right side

Expression: 0 = 4 >> 4
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=0
 Binary:
  val=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100
  res=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: same result as above; can not shift beyond 0


--- BIT SHIFT RIGHT ON NEGATIVE INTEGERS ---
Expression: -2 = -4 >> 1
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-2
 Binary:
  val=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
  res=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
 NOTE: copy of sign bit shifted into left side

Expression: -1 = -4 >> 2
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-1
 Binary:
  val=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
  res=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
 NOTE: bits shift out right side

Expression: -1 = -4 >> 3
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-1
 Binary:
  val=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
  res=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
 NOTE: same result as above; can not shift beyond -1


--- BIT SHIFT LEFT ON POSITIVE INTEGERS ---
Expression: 8 = 4 << 1
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=8
 Binary:
  val=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100
  res=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000
 NOTE: zeros fill in right side

Expression: 4611686018427387904 = 4 << 60
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=4611686018427387904
 Binary:
  val=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100
  res=0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Expression: -9223372036854775808 = 4 << 61
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=-9223372036854775808
 Binary:
  val=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100
  res=1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: sign bits get shifted out

Expression: 0 = 4 << 62
 Decimal:
  val=4
  res=0
 Binary:
  val=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100
  res=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: bits shift out left side


--- BIT SHIFT LEFT ON NEGATIVE INTEGERS ---
Expression: -8 = -4 << 1
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-8
 Binary:
  val=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
  res=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000
 NOTE: zeros fill in right side

Expression: -9223372036854775808 = -4 << 61
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=-9223372036854775808
 Binary:
  val=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
  res=1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Expression: 0 = -4 << 62
 Decimal:
  val=-4
  res=0
 Binary:
  val=1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
  res=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 NOTE: bits shift out left side, including sign bit

警告

使用 gmp 扩展对超出 PHP_INT_MAX 的数值来进行位操作。

参见

pack()
unpack()
gmp_and()
gmp_or()
gmp_xor()
gmp_testbit()
gmp_clrbit()

w3cschool 编程狮，随时随地学编程

PHP8 位运算符

参见

PHP8 入门指引

PHP8 简介

PHP8 简明教程

PHP8 安装与配置

PHP8 Unix 系统下的安装

PHP8 macOS 系统下的安装

PHP8 Windows 系统下的安装

PHP8 云计算平台上的安装

PHP8 FastCGI 进程管理器（FPM）

PHP8 PECL 扩展库安装

PHP8 还有问题？

PHP8 运行时配置

PHP8 语言参考

PHP8 基本语法

PHP8 类型

PHP8 变量

PHP8 常量

PHP8 运算符

PHP8 流程控制

PHP8 函数

PHP8 类与对象

PHP8 命名空间

PHP8 枚举

PHP8 错误

PHP8 异常

PHP8 生成器

PHP8 注解

PHP8 引用的解释

PHP8 预定义变量

PHP8 预定义异常

PHP8 预定义接口和类

PHP8 预定义注解

PHP8 上下文（Context）选项和参数

PHP8 支持的协议和封装协议

PHP8 安全

PHP8 以 CGI 模式安装时

PHP8 文件系统安全

PHP8 数据库安全

PHP8 特点

PHP8 文件上传处理

PHP8 PHP 的命令行模式

PHP8 垃圾回收

PHP8 DTrace 动态跟踪

PHP8 函数参考

PHP8 影响 PHP 行为的扩展

PHP8 APC 用户缓存

PHP8 安装/配置

PHP8 APCu 函数

PHP8 APCUIterator 类

PHP8 Componere

PHP8 安装/配置

PHP8 The Componere\Abstract\Definition class

PHP8 The Componere\Definition class

PHP8 The Componere\Patch class

PHP8 The Componere\Method class

PHP8 The Componere\Value class

PHP8 Componere 函数

PHP8 错误处理和日志记录

PHP8 安装/配置

PHP8 错误处理 函数

PHP8 外部函数接口

PHP8 安装/配置

PHP8 示例

PHP8 C 代码和数据的主接口

PHP8 C Type Handles

PHP8 OPcache

PHP8 安装/配置

PHP8 OPcache 函数

PHP8 输出缓冲控制

PHP8 安装/配置

PHP8 示例

PHP8 输出控制 函数

PHP8 选项和信息

PHP8 安装/配置

PHP8 选项/信息 函数

PHP8 Interactive PHP Debugger

PHP8 安装/配置

PHP8 错误处理函数

PHP8 输出控制函数

PHP8 选项/信息函数