LazyForEach:数据懒加载
LazyForEach从提供的数据源中按需迭代数据,并在每次迭代过程中创建相应的组件。当在滚动容器中使用了LazyForEach,框架会根据滚动容器可视区域按需创建组件,当组件滑出可视区域外时,框架会进行组件销毁回收以降低内存占用。
接口描述
- LazyForEach(
- dataSource: IDataSource, // 需要进行数据迭代的数据源
- itemGenerator: (item: any, index?: number) => void, // 子组件生成函数
- keyGenerator?: (item: any, index?: number) => string // 键值生成函数
- ): void
参数:
参数名 | 参数类型 | 必填 | 参数描述 |
---|---|---|---|
dataSource | 是 | LazyForEach数据源,需要开发者实现相关接口。 | |
itemGenerator | (item: any, index?:number) => void | 是 | 子组件生成函数,为数组中的每一个数据项创建一个子组件。 说明: item是当前数据项,index是数据项索引值。 itemGenerator的函数体必须使用大括号{...}。itemGenerator每次迭代只能并且必须生成一个子组件。itemGenerator中可以使用if语句,但是必须保证if语句每个分支都会创建一个相同类型的子组件。itemGenerator中不允许使用ForEach和LazyForEach语句。 |
keyGenerator | (item: any, index?:number) => string | 否 | 键值生成函数,用于给数据源中的每一个数据项生成唯一且固定的键值。当数据项在数组中的位置更改时,其键值不得更改,当数组中的数据项被新项替换时,被替换项的键值和新项的键值必须不同。键值生成器的功能是可选的,但是,为了使开发框架能够更好地识别数组更改,提高性能,建议提供。如将数组反向时,如果没有提供键值生成器,则LazyForEach中的所有节点都将重建。 说明: item是当前数据项,index是数据项索引值。 数据源中的每一个数据项生成的键值不能重复。 |
IDataSource类型说明
- interface IDataSource {
- totalCount(): number; // 获得数据总数
- getData(index: number): Object; // 获取索引值对应的数据
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void; // 注册数据改变的监听器
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void; // 注销数据改变的监听器
- }
接口声明 | 参数类型 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
totalCount(): number | - | 获得数据总数。 |
getData(index: number): any | number | 获取索引值index对应的数据。 index:获取数据对应的索引值。 |
registerDataChangeListener(listener:DataChangeListener): void | 注册数据改变的监听器。 listener:数据变化监听器 | |
unregisterDataChangeListener(listener:DataChangeListener): void | 注销数据改变的监听器。 listener:数据变化监听器 |
DataChangeListener类型说明
- interface DataChangeListener {
- onDataReloaded(): void; // 重新加载数据完成后调用
- onDataAdded(index: number): void; // 添加数据完成后调用
- onDataMoved(from: number, to: number): void; // 数据移动起始位置与数据移动目标位置交换完成后调用
- onDataDeleted(index: number): void; // 删除数据完成后调用
- onDataChanged(index: number): void; // 改变数据完成后调用
- onDataAdd(index: number): void; // 添加数据完成后调用
- onDataMove(from: number, to: number): void; // 数据移动起始位置与数据移动目标位置交换完成后调用
- onDataDelete(index: number): void; // 删除数据完成后调用
- onDataChange(index: number): void; // 改变数据完成后调用
- }
接口声明 | 参数类型 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
onDataReloaded(): void | - | 通知组件重新加载所有数据。 键值没有变化的数据项会使用原先的子组件,键值发生变化的会重建子组件。 |
onDataAdd(index: number): void8+ | number | 通知组件index的位置有数据添加。 index:数据添加位置的索引值。 |
onDataMove(from: number, to: number): void8+ | from: number, to: number | 通知组件数据有移动。 from: 数据移动起始位置,to: 数据移动目标位置。 说明: 数据移动前后键值要保持不变,如果键值有变化,应使用删除数据和新增数据接口。 |
onDataDelete(index: number):void8+ | number | 通知组件删除index位置的数据并刷新LazyForEach的展示内容。 index:数据删除位置的索引值。 说明: 需要保证dataSource中的对应数据已经在调用onDataDelete前删除,否则页面渲染将出现未定义的行为。 |
onDataChange(index: number): void8+ | number | 通知组件index的位置有数据有变化。 index:数据变化位置的索引值。 |
onDataAdded(index: number):void(deprecated) | number | 通知组件index的位置有数据添加。 从API 8开始,建议使用onDataAdd。 index:数据添加位置的索引值。 |
onDataMoved(from: number, to: number): void(deprecated) | from: number, to: number | 通知组件数据有移动。 从API 8开始,建议使用onDataMove。 from: 数据移动起始位置,to: 数据移动目标位置。 将from和to位置的数据进行交换。 说明: 数据移动前后键值要保持不变,如果键值有变化,应使用删除数据和新增数据接口。 |
onDataDeleted(index: number):void(deprecated) | number | 通知组件删除index位置的数据并刷新LazyForEach的展示内容。 从API 8开始,建议使用onDataDelete。 index:数据删除位置的索引值。 |
onDataChanged(index: number): void(deprecated) | number | 通知组件index的位置有数据有变化。 从API 8开始,建议使用onDataChange。 index:数据变化监听器。 |
使用限制
- LazyForEach必须在容器组件内使用,仅有List、Grid、Swiper以及WaterFlow组件支持数据懒加载(可配置cachedCount属性,即只加载可视部分以及其前后少量数据用于缓冲),其他组件仍然是一次性加载所有的数据。
- LazyForEach在每次迭代中,必须创建且只允许创建一个子组件。
- 生成的子组件必须是允许包含在LazyForEach父容器组件中的子组件。
- 允许LazyForEach包含在if/else条件渲染语句中,也允许LazyForEach中出现if/else条件渲染语句。
- 键值生成器必须针对每个数据生成唯一的值,如果键值相同,将导致键值相同的UI组件被框架忽略,从而无法在父容器内显示。
- LazyForEach必须使用DataChangeListener对象来进行更新,第一个参数dataSource使用状态变量时,状态变量改变不会触发LazyForEach的UI刷新。
- 为了高性能渲染,通过DataChangeListener对象的onDataChange方法来更新UI时,需要生成不同于原来的键值来触发组件刷新。
键值生成规则
在LazyForEach循环渲染过程中,系统会为每个item生成一个唯一且持久的键值,用于标识对应的组件。当这个键值变化时,ArkUI框架将视为该数组元素已被替换或修改,并会基于新的键值创建一个新的组件。
LazyForEach提供了一个名为keyGenerator的参数,这是一个函数,开发者可以通过它自定义键值的生成规则。如果开发者没有定义keyGenerator函数,则ArkUI框架会使用默认的键值生成函数,即(item: any, index: number) => { return viewId + '-' + index.toString(); }, viewId在编译器转换过程中生成,同一个LazyForEach组件内其viewId是一致的。
组件创建规则
在确定键值生成规则后,LazyForEach的第二个参数itemGenerator函数会根据键值生成规则为数据源的每个数组项创建组件。组件的创建包括两种情况:LazyForEach首次渲染和LazyForEach非首次渲染。
首次渲染
- 生成不同键值
在LazyForEach首次渲染时,会根据上述键值生成规则为数据源的每个数组项生成唯一键值,并创建相应的组件。
- // Basic implementation of IDataSource to handle data listener
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- // 该方法为框架侧调用,为LazyForEach组件向其数据源处添加listener监听
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- // 该方法为框架侧调用,为对应的LazyForEach组件在数据源处去除listener监听
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- // 通知LazyForEach组件需要重载所有子组件
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- // 通知LazyForEach组件需要在index对应索引处添加子组件
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- // 通知LazyForEach组件在index对应索引处数据有变化,需要重建该子组件
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- // 通知LazyForEach组件需要在index对应索引处删除该子组件
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string) => {
- ListItem() {
- Row() {
- Text(item).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + item)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- }, (item: string) => item)
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
在上述代码中,键值生成规则是keyGenerator函数的返回值item。在LazyForEach循环渲染时,其为数据源数组项依次生成键值Hello 0、Hello 1 ... Hello 20,并创建对应的ListItem子组件渲染到界面上。
运行效果如下图所示。
图1 LazyForEach正常首次渲染
- 键值相同时错误渲染
当不同数据项生成的键值相同时,框架的行为是不可预测的。例如,在以下代码中,LazyForEach渲染的数据项键值均相同,在滑动过程中,LazyForEach会对划入划出当前页面的子组件进行预加载,而新建的子组件和销毁的原子组件具有相同的键值,框架可能存在取用缓存错误的情况,导致子组件渲染有问题。
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string) => {
- ListItem() {
- Row() {
- Text(item).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + item)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- }, (item: string) => 'same key')
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
运行效果如下图所示。可以看到Hello 0在滑动过程中被错误渲染为Hello 13。
图2 LazyForEach存在相同键值
非首次渲染
当LazyForEach数据源发生变化,需要再次渲染时,开发者应根据数据源的变化情况调用listener对应的接口,通知LazyForEach做相应的更新,各使用场景如下。
- 添加数据
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string) => {
- ListItem() {
- Row() {
- Text(item).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + item)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- // 点击追加子组件
- this.data.pushData(`Hello ${this.data.totalCount()}`);
- })
- }, (item: string) => item)
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
当我们点击LazyForEach的子组件时,首先调用数据源data的pushData方法,该方法会在数据源末尾添加数据并调用notifyDataAdd方法。在notifyDataAdd方法内会又调用listener.onDataAdd方法,该方法会通知LazyForEach在该处有数据添加,LazyForEach便会在该索引处新建子组件。
运行效果如下图所示。
图3 LazyForEach添加数据
- 删除数据
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- dataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- public deleteData(index: number): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 1);
- this.notifyDataDelete(index);
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- Row() {
- Text(item).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + item)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- // 点击删除子组件
- this.data.deleteData(this.data.dataArray.indexOf(item));
- })
- }, (item: string) => item)
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
当我们点击LazyForEach的子组件时,首先调用数据源data的deleteData方法,该方法会删除数据源对应索引处的数据并调用notifyDatDelete方法。在notifyDataDelete方法内会又调用listener.onDataDelete方法,该方法会通知LazyForEach在该处有数据删除,LazyForEach便会在该索引处删除对应子组件。
运行效果如下图所示。
图4 LazyForEach删除数据
- 改变单个数据
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- public deleteData(index: number): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 1);
- this.notifyDataDelete(index);
- }
- public changeData(index: number, data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 1, data);
- this.notifyDataChange(index);
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private moved: number[] = [];
- private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- Row() {
- Text(item).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + item)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- this.data.changeData(index, item + '00');
- })
- }, (item: string) => item)
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
当我们点击LazyForEach的子组件时,首先改变当前数据,然后调用数据源data的changeData方法,在该方法内会调用notifyDataChange方法。在notifyDataChange方法内会又调用listener.onDataChange方法,该方法通知LazyForEach组件该处有数据发生变化,LazyForEach便会在对应索引处重建子组件。
运行效果如下图所示。
图5 LazyForEach改变单个数据
- 改变多个数据
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- public deleteData(index: number): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 1);
- this.notifyDataDelete(index);
- }
- public changeData(index: number): void {
- this.notifyDataChange(index);
- }
- public reloadData(): void {
- this.notifyDataReload();
- }
- public modifyAllData(): void {
- this.dataArray = this.dataArray.map((item: string) => {
- return item + '0';
- })
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private moved: number[] = [];
- private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- Row() {
- Text(item).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + item)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- this.data.modifyAllData();
- this.data.reloadData();
- })
- }, (item: string) => item)
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
当我们点击LazyForEach的子组件时,首先调用data的modifyAllData方法改变了数据源中的所有数据,然后调用数据源的reloadData方法,在该方法内会调用notifyDataReload方法。在notifyDataReload方法内会又调用listener.onDataReloaded方法,通知LazyForEach需要重建所有子节点。LazyForEach会将原所有数据项和新所有数据项一一做键值比对,若有相同键值则使用缓存,若键值不同则重新构建。
运行效果如下图所示。
图6 LazyForEach改变多个数据
- 改变数据子属性
若仅靠LazyForEach的刷新机制,当item变化时若想更新子组件,需要将原来的子组件全部销毁再重新构建,在子组件结构较为复杂的情况下,靠改变键值去刷新渲染性能较低。因此框架提供了@Observed与@ObjectLink机制进行深度观测,可以做到仅刷新使用了该属性的组件,提高渲染性能。开发者可根据其自身业务特点选择使用哪种刷新方式。
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- }
- @Observed
- class StringData {
- message: string;
- constructor(message: string) {
- this.message = message;
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private moved: number[] = [];
- @State data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(new StringData(`Hello ${i}`));
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: StringData, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- ChildComponent({data: item})
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- item.message += '0';
- })
- }, (item: StringData, index: number) => index.toString())
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
- @Component
- struct ChildComponent {
- @ObjectLink data: StringData
- build() {
- Row() {
- Text(this.data.message).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + this.data.message)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- }
此时点击LazyForEach子组件改变item.message时,重渲染依赖的是ChildComponent的@ObjectLink成员变量对其子属性的监听,此时框架只会刷新Text(this.data.message),不会去重建整个ListItem子组件。
图7 LazyForEach改变数据子属性
常见使用问题
- 渲染结果非预期
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- public deleteData(index: number): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 1);
- this.notifyDataDelete(index);
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- Row() {
- Text(item).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + item)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- // 点击删除子组件
- this.data.deleteData(index);
- })
- }, (item: string) => item)
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
图8 LazyForEach删除数据非预期
当我们多次点击子组件时,会发现删除的并不一定是我们点击的那个子组件。原因是当我们删除了某一个子组件后,位于该子组件对应的数据项之后的各数据项,其index均应减1,但实际上后续的数据项对应的子组件仍然使用的是最初分配的index,其itemGenerator中的index并没有发生变化,所以删除结果和预期不符。
修复代码如下所示。
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: string[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): string {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: string): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- public deleteData(index: number): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 1);
- this.notifyDataDelete(index);
- }
- public reloadData(): void {
- this.notifyDataReload();
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- Row() {
- Text(item).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + item)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- // 点击删除子组件
- this.data.deleteData(index);
- // 重置所有子组件的index索引
- this.data.reloadData();
- })
- }, (item: string, index: number) => item + index.toString())
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
在删除一个数据项后调用reloadData方法,重建后面的数据项,以达到更新index索引的目的。
图9 修复LazyForEach删除数据非预期
- 重渲染时图片闪烁
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- public reloadData(): void {
- this.notifyDataReload();
- }
- }
- class StringData {
- message: string;
- imgSrc: Resource;
- constructor(message: string, imgSrc: Resource) {
- this.message = message;
- this.imgSrc = imgSrc;
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private moved: number[] = [];
- private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(new StringData(`Hello ${i}`, $r('app.media.img')));
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: StringData, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- Column() {
- Text(item.message).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + item.message)
- })
- Image(item.imgSrc)
- .width(500)
- .height(200)
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- item.message += '00';
- this.data.reloadData();
- })
- }, (item: StringData, index: number) => JSON.stringify(item))
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
图10 LazyForEach仅改变文字但是图片闪烁问题
在我们点击ListItem子组件时,我们只改变了数据项的message属性,但是LazyForEach的刷新机制会导致整个ListItem被重建。由于Image组件是异步刷新,所以视觉上图片会发生闪烁。为了解决这种情况我们应该使用@ObjectLink和@Observed去单独刷新使用了item.message的Text组件。
修复代码如下所示。
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- }
- @Observed
- class StringData {
- message: string;
- imgSrc: Resource;
- constructor(message: string, imgSrc: Resource) {
- this.message = message;
- this.imgSrc = imgSrc;
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- @State data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(new StringData(`Hello ${i}`, $r('app.media.img')));
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: StringData, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- ChildComponent({data: item})
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- item.message += '0';
- })
- }, (item: StringData, index: number) => index.toString())
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
- @Component
- struct ChildComponent {
- @ObjectLink data: StringData
- build() {
- Column() {
- Text(this.data.message).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + this.data.message)
- })
- Image(this.data.imgSrc)
- .width(500)
- .height(200)
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- }
图11 修复LazyForEach仅改变文字但是图片闪烁问题
- @ObjectLink属性变化UI未更新
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- }
- @Observed
- class StringData {
- message: NestedString;
- constructor(message: NestedString) {
- this.message = message;
- }
- }
- @Observed
- class NestedString {
- message: string;
- constructor(message: string) {
- this.message = message;
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private moved: number[] = [];
- @State data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(new StringData(new NestedString(`Hello ${i}`)));
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: StringData, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- ChildComponent({data: item})
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- item.message.message += '0';
- })
- }, (item: StringData, index: number) => item.toString() + index.toString())
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
- @Component
- struct ChildComponent {
- @ObjectLink data: StringData
- build() {
- Row() {
- Text(this.data.message.message).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + this.data.message.message)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- }
图12 ObjectLink属性变化后UI未更新
@ObjectLink装饰的成员变量仅能监听到其子属性的变化,再深入嵌套的属性便无法观测到了,因此我们只能改变它的子属性去通知对应组件重新渲染,具体请查看@ObjectLink与@Observed的详细使用方法和限制条件。
修复代码如下所示。
- class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
- private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
- private originDataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return 0;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.originDataArray[index];
- }
- registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
- console.info('add listener');
- this.listeners.push(listener);
- }
- }
- unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
- const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
- if (pos >= 0) {
- console.info('remove listener');
- this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
- }
- }
- notifyDataReload(): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataReloaded();
- })
- }
- notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataAdd(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataChange(index);
- })
- }
- notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
- this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
- listener.onDataDelete(index);
- })
- }
- }
- class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
- private dataArray: StringData[] = [];
- public totalCount(): number {
- return this.dataArray.length;
- }
- public getData(index: number): StringData {
- return this.dataArray[index];
- }
- public addData(index: number, data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(index);
- }
- public pushData(data: StringData): void {
- this.dataArray.push(data);
- this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
- }
- }
- @Observed
- class StringData {
- message: NestedString;
- constructor(message: NestedString) {
- this.message = message;
- }
- }
- @Observed
- class NestedString {
- message: string;
- constructor(message: string) {
- this.message = message;
- }
- }
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct MyComponent {
- private moved: number[] = [];
- @State data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
- aboutToAppear() {
- for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
- this.data.pushData(new StringData(new NestedString(`Hello ${i}`)));
- }
- }
- build() {
- List({ space: 3 }) {
- LazyForEach(this.data, (item: StringData, index: number) => {
- ListItem() {
- ChildComponent({data: item})
- }
- .onClick(() => {
- item.message = new NestedString(item.message.message + '0');
- })
- }, (item: StringData, index: number) => item.toString() + index.toString())
- }.cachedCount(5)
- }
- }
- @Component
- struct ChildComponent {
- @ObjectLink data: StringData
- build() {
- Row() {
- Text(this.data.message.message).fontSize(50)
- .onAppear(() => {
- console.info("appear:" + this.data.message.message)
- })
- }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
- }
- }
图13 修复ObjectLink属性变化后UI更新